For an extravaganza of color 8 months out of year, I think it’s hard to compete with bougainvillea. It stops blooming when the weather turns cool because it needs to rest.
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To protect yours, be sure to use cloth rather than plastic. You could also mound up a 4 inch layer of compost around the base to protect the young surface roots. Just be sure to spread it out once the weather warms.
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The leaves will drop off green or yellowish-green to make way for the fresh, spring growth to appear. Also, bougainvilleas are semi-deciduous in cooler climates so it’s just part of their cycle.
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Water according to your climate. At this time of year, cut back on the frequency. And, you may not need to water at all depending on how established yours are.
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Don’t fertilize at this time. Wait until spring or summer if you feel you need to. Plants are resting at this time of year. You can compost because that works in slowly and will do its magic in spring.
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Prune when the evenings have warmed above 40F. Pruning force out new growth and you don’t want that to get hit by another freeze.